news item

NEWS ITEM News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important. Generic structure of news item : 1. Newsworthy events 2. Backround events 3. Source The text above is anews item in written form. It’s purpose is to inform the readers about event of the day which are considered newswort or important. The structure of this text type is : 1. Newsworthy event(s) : recont(s) the event(s) in a summary form. 2. Backround events : elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances. 3. Source : comments by participant, in witness to and autorities expert on the event. Language feature of news item 1. Using action verbs 2. Using saying verbs 3. Using passive sentence • There are some rules that an help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible. • The passive voice is used without the appropriate from of ‘’be’’. • It is unusual to find complex fprms, generally the simple prent form id used. • The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out. • To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive. • Headlines are not alwasy complete sentences.

Modals in the past form

Modals in the past form This is topic about modals in the past form, pengen lebih tau, CliCk Here ! Modals in the past form 1. Could + Verb base • To offer suggestions or possibilities Example: Jason : Oh, no! I left my shorts. Nate : Don’t worry, Jason. You could borrow my shorts. Mitchie : I’m having trouble with English. Demi : Why don’t you ask Tess? Perhaps she could help you. • To indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now. Example: Mitchie : Ras, can you climb the coconut tree? Shane : Well… I could climb coconut tree when I was so young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it. Selena : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger? Grandpa : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river very well and faster. • To express polite requests Example: * Could I borrow your pencil (please)? * Could you lend me your jacket now? * Could you please close the door? * Could you pass the salt? 2. Would + Verb base • For an action that was repeated regularly in the past Example: * When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend. * On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing. • Insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences Example: Troy : What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home? Ryan : I would rather go to the party than stay home. Gabriella : Which country would you rather visit? Sharpay : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia. • To express polite requests Example: Nick : Would you mind cycling with me, Selena? Selena : No, not at all. It would be nice. Joey : Would you please pass the helmet, Mary? Mary : No problem. 3. Should + Verb base • To give definite advice (advisability) Example: Mom : Putri, you should study tonight. You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you? Mitchie : Joe : You should paint your door, Kevin. It looks terrible. Kevin : Yes, I know I should. • To express the subject’s obligation or duty: Example: * You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend) * They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow. * Application should be sent before March 25th. 4. Might + Verb base • To tell possibilities Example: Nick : Where is Joe? Kevin : He might be in the studio with Stella. • To express polite requests Example: Demi : Might I borrow your coat? Miley : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Hannah for weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.

narative text

ini nih materi yang udah kita nahs pada semester 1, tapi masih di bahas. karena materinya beda, yang ini lebih mengena lah. coba aja liat. Click here now ! is a text which contains a story (fiction/non fiction/tales/folktales/ fables/myths/epic) and in its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution. The purpose of narrative text is to amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experiences in difference ways. Narratives always deal with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem. Generic Structures: • Orientation (who were involved in the story, when and where) • Complication (a problem arises followed by other problem) • Resolution (solution to the problem) Language features: • The use of noun phrases (a beautiful princess, a huge temple) • The use of connectives (first, before that, then, finally) • The use of adverbial phrases of time and place (in the garden, two days ago) • The use of simple past tense (he walked away from the village) • The use o action verbs (walk, sleep, wake up) • The use of saying verbs (tell, say, ask) • The use of thinking verbs, feeling verbs, verbs of senses (she felt hungry, she thought she was clever, she smelt something burning) Example of Narrative Text The Myth of Malin Kundang A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent because Malin Kundang’s father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin Kundang had to live hard with his mother. Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fish in the town. One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant’s ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates. The merchant was so happy and thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone. Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; “Malin Kundang has become rich and now he is here”. An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundang’s mother. She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to her “Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!” After that he ordered his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full of both sadness and angriness. Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn’t apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail. In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly, he turned into a stone.

Invitation

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.

There are two types of invitation:

1. Formal Invitation

Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.

2. Informal Invitation

Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.

Example of Informal Invitation

How to write an invitation

Step 1

before you write an invitation; decide on the tone, voice and level of formality, based on the event itself. This will dictate whether you hand-write the cards or have them printed, and whether you choose A preprinted or personalized invitation.

Step 2

Choose the type of invite you want, and order or buy a few more than you think you'll need. This will permit you to add some guests to your list at the last minute, if necessary. For small parties, you may want to hand-write the invitations on stationery or blank cards. For large gatherings, consider ordering printed invitations.

Step 3

Determine the wording of your invite based on the level of formality. For example, a formal invitation might say, 'Dr. and Mrs. Stanley request the pleasure of your company,' whereas a more casual note might say, 'Please join us.'

Step 4

Include the names of the host and/or hostess, as well as the place (with street address), time, date and purpose of the occasion, even if it's a simple get-together.

Step 5

Make sure to add RSVP information at the bottom of the invite if you need to know who will be attending; for example, 'RSVP' followed by your telephone number.

R.S.V.P. stands for a French phrase, "répondez, s'il vous plaît," which means "please reply.“The person sending the invitation would like you to tell him or her whether you accept or decline the invitation. That is, will you be coming to the event or not?

Step 6

Include a respond-by date on a formal invitation so you can get an accurate head count in time to adjust the amount of food, number of place settings and room size. For a wedding, charity function or other formal event, consider including a response card and a stamped, self-addressed envelope inside the envelope containing your invite.

Step 7

Mail invitations three weeks before most events, four weeks before a formal affair and three months before a wedding, to allow for airline reservations. For events held during the December holidays, send invitations around Thanksgiving.

Example of invitation:

1. Wedding invitation

2. Birthday invitation

3. Baby shower

4. Dinner invitation

Introductory It

Introductory It

heyyy..

visitor my blog, sekarang saya akan  membahas tentang bagaimana penggunaan it. Then letak it itu macam-macam, ada yang di depan, tengah, dan belakang. For details, see here

 

Introductory It

A: To get the best score is hard.

B: It is hard to get the best score.

In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory it. A and B the same thing, but the sentence B is more common mainly to make the meaning of B easier to understand. Introductory “it” can fill the position both of the subject and object.

When the subject is clause, the sentence usually begins with it. So instead of saying “That he was once a communist is true,” we say,” It is true that he was once a communist.”

Introductory it is also used with seem, appear, and look when the subject is an infinitive phrase, a phrase with a gerund in it or clause.

It looked doubtful whether she would come.

It seemed strange that she should behave like that.

It seems possible that he may quit the job.

It appeared unwise to offend him.

It is sometimes used as the object of the verbs think, feel, deem, count, consider etc.

Don’t you think it dangerous to drive so carelessly?

I consider it a privilege to have this opportunity of welcoming you.

The introductory it is sometimes used in questions.

Who was it that broke the window?

It is Peter who broke the window.

When the subject is an infinitive phrase, the sentence often begins with it. Instead of saying “To find fault with others is easy”, we say “It is easy to find the fault with others.”

When the subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. Instead of saying “Your trying to deceive us is no good,” we may say “It is no good your trying to deceive us

GRATITUDE, COMPLIMENT, and CONGRATULATION

GRATITUDE, COMPLIMENT, and CONGRATULATION

A : Thank you for your help

B : You're welcome or no problem.

pernah gak sih mendengar kalimat ini atau mengatakannya langsung, tentu donk...

tapi apa kalian tau, ini digolongan kalimat apa ?

klo tak tau, yuk tengook lagi kesini, biar tau apa yang dimaksud dengan dialog diatas.

click here now... !

• GRATITUDE

Gratitude is expression that used to said thank you to other people.

Kind of grantitude expression are :

Expressing Grantitude Responding

Thank you very much, You’re welcome.

Thank you for your help. No big deal.

I’m very grateful to you. It’s a pleasure.

How can I thanks you? Don’t mention it.

I can’t thank you enough. That’s all right.

I’m very much obliged to you. Any time.

I should like to express my grantitude. It was the least I could do.

• COMPLIMENT

Compliment is expression that used to give praising to other people. Some people use compliment to better up someday or to flatter in order to increase good will.

Expressing :

 What a nice dress.

 You look great.

 You look very nice.

 Fabtastic/Marvalous !

 Good job!/Excellent work

 You’re really the best!

 You look fabulous!

Time to express compliment ;

 On his/her general appearance.

 If you notice something new about the person’s appearance.

 When you visit someone’s house for the frist time.

 When other people do their best.

• CONGRATULATION

Congratulation is expression that used to said congratulate to someone whwn get a success.

Expressing :

• Let me congratulate you

• Congratulation on you successful business.

• My congratulations on your success.

• Congratulations on your promotion.

• Good !

• That’s great !

• How fortunate.

Responding :

• Thanks you.

• Thanks, i needed that.

• That’s very kind of you.

• It’s very kind of you to say that.

• Do you really think so ?

• You’ve my made my day!

• I’m glad you like it.

Finite Verbs

Finite verb

Finite verb

The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb shows tense, person or number. Non-finite verb forms have no person or number, but some types can show tense.

• Finite verb forms include: I go, she goes, he went

• Non-finite verb forms include: to go, going, gone

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand on their own as complete sentences.

Example of finite verb :

• I study, she cook, Anto went

• Sidy has eaten when Rini come in. By it self, the verb form eaten is called a non-finite verb. When the auxiliary has and the non-finite verb eaten are put together, they make up a finite verb form has eaten.

• Tamara was walking. Walking is non-finite and was is to be. When they are put together, they make up finite form was walking

Definition of non-finite verb :

a verb has no subject, tense, or number. The only finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle (present/past), nonfinite verbs must ordinarily combine with a modal , an auxiliary verb, or the infinitival particle to.

Example of nonfinite verb

Verbs ending in -ing. These are called present participles, they were cooking in Sinta’s house.

This non-finite verb form end in -ed; many also end in en. These are called past participles. I have written my letter ( the past participle written is non-finite and can’t be the main verb).

Talking is the children’s favorite pastime. ( talking is a gerund, verb to be noun)

I can’t afford to go out tonight

The infinitive can have the following forms:

The perfect infinitive

to have + past participle

For example: to have broken, to have seen, to have saved.

This form is most commonly found in Type 3 conditional sentences, using the conditional perfect.

For example:

• If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake.

• Someone must have broken the window and climbed in.

• I would like to have seen the Taj Mahal when I was in India.

• He pretended to have seen the film.

• If I'd seen the ball I would have caught it